Search results

The most apparent difference between planning and futurism is their respective time horizons. Whereas corporate plans span, on an average, three to seven years, many prospective futures studies cover between ten and thirty years. The most obvious bridge could be built by stretching the planning time period and shrinking that of futurism, so that part of their projections would overlap.

With 160 nation‐states, ranging from the principality of Abu‐Dhabi to the republic of Zaire, depending upon each other in different ways and to different degrees, it becomes an increasingly complex task to compare, classify, rank, and forecast the relative development and opportunities offered by each.

This article submits an energy scenario for the period 1985–1995, in which expensive petroleum is a blessing in disguise.

The war between Britain and Argentina over the Falkland Islands, while triggering a shock wave that reached into the far comers of the international business community, will do much to deepen the rift in Latin America's friendship with Argentina, a country that the U.S. hoped would someday join in its efforts to check advances made by the Soviet Union in the region. Thus, when Argentina invaded the islands in April, the U.S. was thrust into the awkward position of relations with Western Europe and North America. The predicted strain in North‐South dialogue comes though at a time when many countries, including France, Canada and Holland, publicly acknowledge that political and economic stability in Latin America is vital to both European and American long‐term political and economic interests.

The world press courteously chronicled the petering out of the Conference on International Economic Cooperation in June of 1977 and turned its attention to more violent headlines.

Examines influences of negativity on marketing management, e.g. the approach of scarcities of raw materials' emerging new consumer values; and a new international economic order — requiring co‐operation among rival organizations or governments. Pinpoints the petroleum crisis of December 1973 as a political ‘knee‐jerk’ reaction of the Middle East conflict, which first affected petrochemicals, automotive products and tourist services. Further, it modified cost and price structure in metalmechanics, paper and pharmaceuticals – to name just a few — eventually everything from baking to banking was affected. States that mutual dependency runs like a common thread through modern marketing, exemplified mostly by pipelines and electric power grids but funnelling down to affect everywhere. Discusses the impact of shortages with its deleterious worsening of lesser‐developed countries' conditions. Looks at differing emerging lifestyles particularly the USA's affluence, and that it is wrong for 5% of the world's population to consume 35% of the world's resources. Wonders whether waste can be reduced by good management by business firms and gives figures to show the benefits. Concludes that if prices cannot reduce demand in the long run, marketing management must resort to other instruments.

Co‐operation among multinational food corporations, public health agencies and charities to combat food shortages and inadequate nutrition is worthy of serious, objective consideration. Unfortunately, there is some suspicion, hostility, and lack of understanding among different parties. The private sector has valuable expertise and a customer/client orientation that is usually missing elsewhere. Several interventions and difficulties are discussed. Present and potential products, product development, and promotion are considered. It is concluded that significant amounts of responsible co‐operation are vital and possible.

The International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes, written by the World Health Organization and joined in by the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF), was passed by the World Health Assembly in mid‐1981. Intended as a model statute for member nations to adopt, it is now at the centre of a controversy that is both complex and dynamic. This controversy is simultaneously one of humanitarianism, community health, business, and — most of all — law. No doubt most readers are familiar with the heated campaigns of the past few years against infant formula distribution in the Third World. Today the weight of public opinion in most developed countries is with the Code, but that does not necessarily imply ultimate adoption and implementation in other countries. This article attempts, while taking no position on the Code's merits, to examine its possible future. Specifically, (1) Will the Code be adopted and implemented? (2) What is the context in which such decisions will be made?

Discusses how teams are an essential aspect of the new work culture; and how team management is of vital importance, particularly when cross‐cultural applications arise which will improve an organization′s international relations. Examines what makes teams productive, how to motivate members and promote a helping relationship between team members. Views a team as a subsystem of a larger system: the corporation or organization. Discusses how to improve team performance and the demands made of individuals and lists the challenges to human resource leaders. Examines the use of formal team building to train personnel in effective intra/intergroup relations; and the role of teams whose individual members cut across status ranks and organizational levels, as it is their expertise which is required. Finally, reports on the roles of simulations and computer games in the task of training individuals to be part of a team.

The purpose of this review of the literature is to provide data about flaxseed intake during pregnancy and/or lactation and its effects in the offspring from birth to adulthood.

This review includes up-to-date information from evidence-based sources on flaxseed intake and its by-products, during pregnancy and lactation and its effects on male and female offspring, from post-weaning until adulthood. Topics included are effects on body mass; glycaemic metabolism; lipid profile; blood pressure and aortic structure; reproductive system and brain tissue.

The main effects of flaxseed or its by-products were observed in the cardiovascular system, where a lipid profile improvement and minor aortic remodelling were noticed, and in the cerebral development, where greater n-3 PUFA incorporation in the brain was detected.

The research done in this study, to understand the offspring response that were early exposed to the flaxseed components during pregnancy and lactation, may be the first step toward guiding future strategies for recommending the use of this seed during the offspring’s perinatal period.